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Salt deposits in Ontario are found primarily in the Windsor and Sarnia-Goderich, near the eastern end of Lake Michigan basin, they are a continuation of salt deposits of Michigan.

It was discovered shoals of salt in the Goderich area in 1866. These salt formations are at depths of 275 to 825 meters and thickness varies from 90 to over 200 meters. We carry out underground mining of salt at these two locations

Representative sample of salt ity of underground salt mines in Goderich

While most solution caves are formed in carbonate rocks (limestone, dolomite, marble, or sandstones cemented by limestone), caves in some parts of the world are formed in a much more soluble material: salt. The most significant of these caves are found in arid regions, such as the Atacama Desert in Chile, Israel, and Iran. Several expeditions by Czech cavers have established the longest known salt cave on Qeshm Island off the southern coast of Iran, the 3N Cave, at 6580 meters in length.

Salt caves are dissolved simply by water, not requiring the presence of acidity as does the production of solution caves in carbonate rocks. Found in arid areas as they are, the caves only grow in rare periods following rainfall. And the salt speleothems inside also grow much faster than those in limestone. As one of the Czech cavers, Michal Filippi, explains:

“In limestone caves you can see signs saying don’t touch the dripstones, they have been growing for thousands of years, whereas in the salt caves they grow for days or weeks after rain, when rainwater penetrates the rock, saturates it and in a month there are half-a-metre dripstones. We can practically watch them grow. Salt crystallises into cubes and beautiful cubic crystals emerge from the brine, unlike in the case of limestone where the sinter is shapeless. We can see beautifully shaped crystals which sparkle in the light.”

For more information on the 3N Salt Cave or inquiries about editorial use of these images, contact Michal Filippi.

Ontario has many storage facilities in salt caverns, including its petrochemical industries use to store various hydrocarbons in the Windsor and Sarnia and are an essential part of the petrochemical industry in this region. There were 73 active storage caverns in Ontario, which uses 124 wells for a total storage capacity of 3.5 million cubic meters. If the caves were filled to capacity, the value of what they contain would amount to over $ 1.6 billion.

Salt caverns are built in huge salt-bearing formations, the layers of salt. Salt caverns are formed by leaching, by injecting a stream of water in a borehole. The water washes the cavern by the annular space inside the well. The brackish solution that forms during the washing process escapes back along the annular space outside the well. To form a salt cavern, you must drill a well through the overlying strata to the calculated location of the cavern in the salt formation, then wash the cave to give the desired volume.

Salt cavern double entry

1. I / O Product
2. I / O brine
3. product
4. brine

Schematic section of an oil storage cavern as is found in the Sarnia area. This cave has two entrances, which means it uses two wells to store hydrocarbons. The first (input / output of the product) is used for the injection of hydrocarbons from the top of the cavern so as to fill it. To empty, is injected a solution of water and salt (brine) by the second well (input / output brine) and hydrocarbons up to the surface by the first well.